International Research Review and Teaching Improvement Measures of College Students' Learning Psychology under the Background of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on college education. College students have faced great difficulties in terms of learning and living during the lockdown period, which has brought many negative psychological effects. To explore the psychological states of college students learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the reasons for these states, this study used CiteSpace to analyze 105 articles on WoS about college students' learning psychology, and the results of this analysis were combined with an interpretation of the literature to summarize the research hotspots, development trends, learning psychology types, and reasons in this field. The main findings were as follows: (1) During the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological state of learning college students mainly included academic burnout, learning anxiety, and learning pressure. (2) Academic burnout was affected by perceived usefulness and self-control and was manifested as not accepting online teaching and truancy. (3) Learning anxiety was affected by emotional support factors and was manifested as loneliness, anxiety about lockdown management, and fear of infection. (4) Learning pressure was affected by perceived ease-of-use, environmental support, and self-efficacy and was manifested by difficulties completing online learning tasks, academic performance, and future career uncertainty. Given the above findings, this study proposes corresponding teaching improvement measures from the perspective of the sustainability of the teaching methods of teachers and students' continuous learning, providing teaching references for schools and teachers, and psychological support for students.

Subjective distress and educational uncertainty during the Covid-19 pandemic

The health crisis caused by Covid-19 has consequences that go beyond the strictly biomedical, having a differential impact on the labor market, economic and subjective well-being of the population, causing high vulnerability and prolonged uncertainty. The pandemic has produced events that escape the biomedical, impacting differentially on people's economic and subjective well-being. By means of contingency tables and Classification Trees, we analyze the perception, uncertainty and feelings that young people between 14 and 24 years old have about the pandemic and its effects, reported in the Covid-19 Youth survey. Of special interest are those who fear losing the school year due to the health crisis. The results highlight that young people recognize the seriousness of Covid-19, although they perceive that adults exaggerate the crisis and that young people are not infected;in addition, they report high levels of uncertainty due to the death of a family member or friend, family economic problems, and fear of losing the school year. Educational uncertainty is predominant among younger youth and is linked to high levels of worry, anxiety and fear, together with the manifestation of compulsive drinking and insomnia. The conclusions highlight the impacts that the pandemic has had on the subjective wellbeing of the young population;socioemotional deterioration related to the fear of death of close ones, family economic problems, and losing the school year. This problem raises the need for a multidimensional and extended approach beyond the end of the pandemic.

Psychological effects of fake news - literature review

Fake news is one of the most discussed topics in the last few years. During the COVID-19 pandemic and during the Ukrainian war, the dangerous nature of this phenomenon became more obvious. More politics and more journalists are using now (fake) news as a weapon. Modern war must be considered in its informational part also. So, a correct evaluation of the news is an important skill for their consumers. Which are the psychological effects of fake news on the audience? Which is the psychological profile of the people that consume fake news? Which people are more vulnerable to suffering its negative effects? Why do people believe and share fake information? How can we explain the failure to distinguish accurate from inaccurate news? We studied the recent research in order to find the answers. This study is a literature review on the argument of fake news, its psychological effects on people and some explanations for this phenomenon.

Newcomers' stress and its effects on well-being during an IT organization's socialization process

Previous research in other fields has shown an increasing interest in understanding newcomers' stress and its impact on professionals' well-being. However, we still have a limited understanding of newcomers' stress and its emotional, behavioral, and psychological effects in the information technology organization (IT) and information system (IS) development contexts. Moreover, the newcomers' socialization process into IT work or/and organizations remains unexplored in the IS field. We conducted a qualitative and longitudinal case study (pre-COVID-19) that helped us understand newcomers' stress from IS project work, and how its consequences emerge during their socialization process. We provided information in response to the call for more understanding of newcomers' stress elements in the IT organization and IS project context. It is important to understand different stress elements and their consequences because these elements impact individuals' attitudes, behaviors, job performance, and health among other things. © 2023 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Social Media on Spreading Panic during COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Study

Now-a-days, people are linked to social media from the moment they wake up till going to bed. Social media attempt to disseminate the information as quickly as possible. Since the first identified Covid-19 patient in Bangladesh, there has always been a sense of dread among the people. This influence people's mental health conditions miserably. The study is aimed to observe the fact that social media influences people's mental condition and the transmission of COVID-19 fear in Bangladesh. Using an online questionnaire, 385 social media users were selected through convenient sampling. Significant variables were found out through ordinal logistic regression. The study shows, most of the participants were aged 15 to 25 years (n= 294, 76.4%), lived in urban (n=263, 68.3%) and 75.3% (n=290) of them used "Facebook" for gathering news related to COVID-19. Most of them had psychological effects (42.9%) due to the panic created by misinformation on social media and 82.6% (n= 318) felt the necessity of setting up filters for social media. The results show, using social media every day during COVID-19, having physical psyche effects of social media, reading mostly health news (COVID-19), spreading fear causing information about COVID-19 had higher significant effect on spreading fear among people. Social media had an impact on spreading fear and a significant negative influence on people's mental health during Covid-19. Filters need to be set up and people should verify before sharing any news in this pandemic.

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF MOOD AND HEALTH OF THE HEALTH WORKERS FROM THE NAVARRE-OSASUNBIDEA HEALTH SERVICE AT LEAST 6 MONTHS AFTER SUFFERING SARS-COV-2 INFECTION.

Introduction: The group of workers in the health field is essential for dealing with the pandemic. Healthcare professionals experienced an unprecedented increase in patient deaths and at the same time, had to face difficult and exceptional working conditions. A quarter of the cases diagnosed in the first months of the epidemic in Spain corresponded to workers in the health sector. Material(s) and Method(s): Non-experimental, cross-sectional study of observational research that analyzes data of variables collected through a semi-structured interview, at least 6 months after having suffered SARS-CoV-2 infection. The 17 chosen items were grouped into 3 blocks: diagnosis and evolution;psychosocial aspects;attention, follow-up and actions. LIKERT-type numerical scales were used for the items (joy, anxiety, sadness and anger). Result(s): A total of 1,490 semi-structured surveys were analyzed. By occupations, the highest percentage corresponded to nurses (32.7%), doctors (19.7%) and nursing assistants (17.2%), while the lowest percentages were those related to Administrative (11.3 %), and Wardens (4.4%), and the remaining 14.5%, grouped as TECHNICIANS. Regarding the persistence of symptoms 6 months after infection, 28.1% of those surveyed answered affirmatively. The highest percentage of workers who reported persistence of symptoms at 6 months was nursing assistants (40.8%). Discussion(s): The risk of persisting with symptoms at 6 months increases correlatively as the professional's age increases. The result obtained is in agreement with the investigations published up to now.Copyright © 2022, Accion Medica S.A.. All rights reserved.

The Psychological Effects of Coronavirus on Children in the Perception of Arab Israeli Parents Sample

We examined the consequences of the Coronavirus pandemic on the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive functions of Arab Israeli children aged 3–12 years. The findings of an online cross-sectional survey indicated that, as reported by the parents (N = 267), during the Coronavirus pandemic, most of the children expressed more behavioral and concentration problems. Almost 85% of the children felt more bored, and more than 50% were sadder, more reluctant, more frustrated, and felt lonely. Moreover, almost half of the children had sleep difficulties and tended to eat more than before. Boys and elementary school children were more vulnerable. The findings highlight the susceptibility of the children to the psychosocial consequences of Coronavirus and underline the need for interventions. © 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Effects of with holding treatment on mental health in Canadian paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionPsychological effects of withholding treatment that could have benefited a patient during a pandemic remain largely unknown. It is also unclear to what extent their reasons for withholding treatment contributed to the subsequent impact on mental health outcomes. Paramedics may have withheld treatments either due to fear of exposure, being directed by their service, or both. As such, the present research aimed to characterize withholding treatment and investigate potential negative mental health outcomes.Materials and MethodsParamedics from five provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan) working during the COVID-19 pandemic completed online questionnaires assessing withholding treatment (i.e., due to fear of exposure, directed by their service, or both), and mental health outcomes including depression (PHQ-9) and post-traumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms (PC-PTSD-5) as part of the COVID-19 Occupational Risks, Seroprevalence and Immunity among Paramedics (CORSIP) study.ResultsOf the 1453 participants, 54.2% reported withholding treatment due to fear of exposure (4.3%), as directed by their service (76.5%) or both (19.2%). Participants who withheld treatment reported higher rates of PTSD (M=2.6, p < .01) and depression (M=8.2, p < .001) symptoms than those that did not withhold treatments (MPTSD=2.3;Mdepression=6.4). Reason for withholding treatment and PTSD symptom severity were associated (p<.01). Paramedics who withheld treatment due to fear of exposure were more likely to report probable PTSD symptoms (23.5%) than those who withheld treatments as directed by their service (8.7%) or both (12.2%). Depression symptom severity did not differ by reasons for withholding treatment.ConclusionsWithholding treatment is potentially traumatic and may influence the development of depression and PTSD symptoms. Withholding due to fear of exposure rather than being directed to increased PTSD symptoms. Further research will investigate the mental health impact of withholding treatment and reported reasons for withholding over time.

Effect of COVID 19 lockdown on medical education: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complications of e-learning during pandemic-led lockdown, its effect on medical students' learning, and to recommend practical solutions. METHODS: The systematic review comprised literature search on Google Scholar, Medline and Pubmed databases for studies published from 2019 to April, 2022. dealing with the effect of coronavirus disease-2019 on medical education. Key phrases used were 'COVID19 effects', 'medical students' or 'e-learning' or 'e-examination'. Methodological information was evaluated using EPPI (Evidence for Policy and Practice Information) tool. RESULTS: Of the 60 studies initially found, 5(8.33%) were included. Students in their final year required practical application to benefit their professional lives. As a result, this circumstance has a variety of psychological consequences, such as an inability to focus during self-study for final-year test preparation, which leads to a loss of self-confidence and identity, and an inability to develop into tomorrow's competent and professional doctor. CONCLUSIONS: Despite emergencies like the pandemic, the students' future should not be ignored. They need practical education for future work. There is a need for better strategies for improved learning so that future doctors may work efficiently in their fields.

The live experience of coronavirus disease with emphasis on its psychological effects and consequences.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the living experience of coronary patients in Shiraz and the peak prevalence of the second stage in summer. This study could further examine these experiences in broader groups in subsequent studies. Identifying the psychological causes and effects of this disease with the help of patients involved in some countries has been considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The method, which was used in this study, was a qualitative method and content analysis. Participants in this study were 13 patients with COVID-19, some of whom were members of the medical staff. The participants were selected purposefully. The semi-organized interview with the participants continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. RESULTS: After extracting the codes, researchers classify them, and then the results were examined in more depth and categorized. About 120 extracted codes were classified into seven general categories; three of them were directly related to psychological issues. The other four of them were related to the subject of psychological effects and consequences. CONCLUSION: In general, during the interview process, it was proved that the more severe the symptoms of the disease, the psychological experiences of confronting the disease because of its outbreak, and the processes of coping with it were deeper.

Positive Psychological Effects of School-Based Yoga and Mindfulness Programs for At-Risk Hispanic Adolescents.

This quasi-experimental study investigates differences in the impact of school-based yoga interventions and mindfulness practices on psychological well-being impact factors in at-risk Hispanic adolescent high school students compared to similar students enrolled in traditional physical education classes. Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, experimental conditions were delivered virtually. The BRUMS and PANAS-C were utilized to assess psychological well-being constructs of mood and affect. Statistical analyses included Friedman's test for nonparametric data, comparisons of pre post change scores between yoga and physical education classes, and longitudinal data trends for each subscale from the study's inception to conclusion. The findings show that school-based yoga participants exhibited higher levels of improved mood and affect with large effect sizes than those enrolled in a standard physical education (PE) class during the 12 weeks of the intervention. Implications and further directions are discussed.

The psychological distress and COVID-19 pandemic during lockdown: A cross-sectional study from United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Background: The pandemic resulted in the societal changes as conflicts and instability were the common concerns experienced by families because of the lockdown. However, the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population is not studied extensively. Objective: The study evaluates the psychological impact of lockdown during the pandemic on the people in the UAE. Material and methods: This study was cross-sectional in nature and was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 35-items. The questions were related to social, psychological, and personal aspects. Multivariate Linear regression was used to find the outcomes between independent variables. Results: The mean value of social phobia was 2.56 ± .620, followed by the mean score of anxiety (2.47 ± .666), stress (2.44 ± .631), and depression (2.42 ± .682). The higher the respondents experienced the scores, the more depression, anxiety, and stress. Demographics such as marital status, age, and occupation and education level have a statistically significant association with social phobia, anxiety, depression, and stress. Conclusion: The study concludes that the lockdown more psychologically impacted males, older people, and unemployed individuals during the pandemic.

Biological risks, working conditions and psychological effects of COVID-19 in nursing personnel / Riesgos biológicos, condiciones de trabajo y efectos psicológicos del COVID-19 en personal de enfermería

Los profesionales de enfermería están relacionados con la atención directa del paciente con Covid- 19, dejándolos expuestos a riesgos biológicos y condiciones de trabajo modificadas que podrían causar efectos psisociales significativos. Como objetivo, se realizo una revisión bibliográfica para determinar las condiciones de trabajo y efectos psicológicos del COVID-19 en personal de enfermería durante el período 2020-2021. El estudio fue descriptivo, con una muestra de 39 articulos resultantes de la aplicación criterios de exclusión, las fuentes de datos utilizados fueron: EBSCO Host, Hinari, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online, Library, Redalyc, SciELO; se incluyó la búsqueda de palabras clave mediante los tesauros en DeCS y MeSH, las cuales se formularon ecuaciones con los operadores boléanos AND y OR con descriptores de búsqueda como: WorkingCondition/Labor condition, Covid-19/ SARS-CoV-2/ Coronavirus Infections, Nurse emotions/emotion/emotions/emotional/Feelings/Regrets, Nurse/nurses/nursing, y Method/ Methodology/ Model. Como resultado, a nivel de riesgo biológico, las condiciones inseguras repercutían en deficiencia y escases de equipos de protección personal, infraestructura y equipamiento, así mismo, las condiciones laborales a nivel organizacionales aludían a ausencia de políticas y directrices, bajos salarios, carga e inestabilidad laboral, además de esto, los efectos psicológicos del COVID-19 en personal de enfermería se pudieron evidenciar de manera positiva a través de decisión, motivación y orgullo y, negativa con ansiedad, depresión, estrés, inseguridad, molestia y temor. Como conclusión, es indispensable ofrecer infraestructura, condiciones y equipamiento al personal de enfermería, además de actividades de descanso para disminuir el estrés y la presión que generan agotamiento y efectos psicosociales(AU)

Nursing professionals are related to the direct care of patients with Covid-19, leaving them exposed to biological risks and modified working conditions that could cause significant psychosocial effects. As an objective, a bibliographic review was carried out to determine the working conditions and psychological effects of COVID-19 on nursing personnel during the 2020-2021 period. The study was descriptive, with a sample of 39 articles resulting from the application of exclusion criteria, the data sources used were: EBSCO Host, Hinari, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online, Library, Redalyc, SciELO; the search for keywords was included using the DeCS and MeSH thesauri, which were formulated with Boolean operators AND and OR with search descriptors such as: WorkingCondition/Labor condition, Covid-19/ SARS-CoV-2/ Coronavirus Infections , Nurse emotions/emotion/emotions/emotional/Feelings/Regrets, Nurse/nurses/nursing, and Method/ Methodology/ Model. As a result, at the level of biological risk, the unsafe conditions affected deficiency and scarcity of personal protective equipment, infrastructure and equipment, likewise, the working conditions at the organizational level alluded to the absence of policies and guidelines, low wages, workload and instability. In addition to this, the psychological effects of COVID-19 on nursing staff could be evidenced positively through decision, motivation and pride, and negatively with anxiety, depression, stress, insecurity, annoyance and fear. In conclusion, it is essential to offer infrastructure, conditions and equipment to nursing staff, as well as rest activities to reduce stress and pressure that generate exhaustion and psychosocial effects(AU)

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nurses Mental Health Status: A Descriptive Study

Objective: To assess the impact of the pandemic on mental health status for nurses in Iraq. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major health crisis that has changed the life of millions globally. Coronaviruses are viruses’ group that can contract animals and humans and the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19. Nurses are the primary service providers in the healthcare, nurses who are in close contact with infectious patients need to get their mental health checked and supervised on a regular basis, particularly with regard to stress, anxiety and suicidal ideation, so that they can provide optimal quality of life and healthy mental health to have good care for patients. Material and Methods: A total of sample study (1,000) nurses in Iraq completed an online questionnaire between March to May 2021. Psychological impact was assess using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: The study revealed impact COVID-19 on mental health status (anxiety stress) and no impact COVID-19 on mental health status (depression) for nurses was (p=0.040, p=0.045 respectively). Conclusion: The impact COVID-19 on mental health status for nurses. Recommendation: Protecting the nursing staff from chronic stress, anxiety and depression, which constitutes a psychological burden on health during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, by clarifying the disease and how to prevent it, as well as providing the personal protective equipment to decrease stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic. © 2022 by Türkiye Klinikleri.

Role of e-commerce and resource utilization for sustainable business development: goal of economic recovery after Covid-19

This study seeks to granularly document the fundamental aspects of the pandemic and its effect on the global scale and environmental steadiness. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is therefore utilized to analyze these constructs. The study results show that the pathway coefficient for the parameters, such as health awareness, naturalism, mediation, personal development, sustainability, sociability, empathy, and cooperation, illustrates that the parameters directly impact pandemic control and management. At the same time, the lockdown and social distance rules attain dire consequences on the “conventional” retail property sector. It might speed up the evolution procedure of different conduits retail plus the channel coupling performance of physical stores and, hence, cause changes in urban areas–retail sector. The pandemic isn’t necessarily leading to the shutdown of retail stores. Nonetheless, it might have a meaningful effect on the retail estate enterprise business. The results show a requirement for the rapid physical shop repositioning performance of different channels firms. The study presents a meaningful understanding and demonstrates many consequences for the retailers, Landlords, and equally policy crafting components tackling urban regeneration plus local economic advancement within the post-covid phase.

The Socioeconomic and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Multiple Sclerosis in Turkey.

Introduction: Various restrictions due to the coronavirus infection have affected working life globally. People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have several difficulties in social life, patient follow-up, and receiving treatments. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the experiences of pwMS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We developed a 50-question survey aiming to determine fears, anxieties, and the problems experienced by patients regarding their diseases and social lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was released online via the Turkish MS Society website, local MS societies websites, and social media accounts. Only the answers of the patients who filled out the questionnaire completely were evaluated. Results: In total, 6008 patients took the survey, and 3255 of them completed the questionnaire. Among all, 378 patients (11.6%) were positive for COVID-19. The most common COVID-19-related symptom was fatigue (48.4%). The routine medical follow-up was interrupted in 61.4% and the medication was discontinued in 14% of the patients. Approximately 25% of the patients reported different symptoms related to relapse activity. The main concern of the patients related to the COVID-19 pandemic was the disruption of the health of the ones they loved. Among all the patients, 4.4% lost their jobs. Conclusion: Our data showed that the COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected the working lives of pwMS. Also, the pandemic changed the attitudes of patients and neurologists. Therefore, the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on disease approach, patient follow-up, social conditions, and working life should be monitored.

Neurological and psychological effects of long COVID in a young population: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: We evaluated the long-term clinical status of pediatric patients after testing positive for COVID-19. We hypothesized that there are similar symptoms to those that have been described in adults and children and that pediatric patients with neurophysiologic symptoms still present 3-5 months after infection have psychological consequences that interfere with their adaptive functioning. Method: We recruited 322 COVID-19-positive pediatric patients, between 1.5 and 17 years old, from the outpatient clinic for COVID-19 follow-up. Neurological symptoms were analyzed at onset, after 1 month, and after 3-5 months. A psychological assessment with standardized questionnaires was also conducted to determine the impact of the disease. Results: At the onset of COVID-19, 60% of the total sample exhibited symptoms; this decreased after 1 month (20%) but stabilized 3-5 months after disease onset (22%). Prevailing long-COVID neurological symptoms were headache, fatigue, and anosmia. In the 1.5-5-year-old subgroup, internalizing problems emerged in 12% of patients. In the 6-18-year-old subgroup, anxiety and post-traumatic stress showed significant associations with neurological symptoms of long COVID. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that long COVID presents various broad-spectrum symptoms, including psychological and long-lasting cognitive issues. If not treated, these symptoms could significantly compromise the quality of life of children and adolescents.

Analyzing The Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health based on Bangladeshi University Students

The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on a representative sample of Bangladeshi uni- versity students. The study conducted a cross-sectional approach including HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and CAS (Coronavirus Anxiety Scale), obtaining sufficient data to evaluate the correlation between COVID- 19 Lockdown lifestyle and psychological impact on the students. The CAS (Coronavirus Anxiety Scale), Anxiety and Depression models were constructed to predict individuals' psychotic state, and an indisputable interpretation process has been consummated to assemble sufficient results. The study conducted an unequivocal evaluation to observe the crucial socio and environmental factors associated with young age, low socioeconomic position, gender, scholastic lifestyle, immobility, solitary, academic and occupational impediments. © 2022 ACM.

Evaluation of the psychiatric diagnosis of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A sample from a university hospital

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents who refered to the psychiatry outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This study enrolled the patients who were presented to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic between September 2019 and March 2020 and between September 2020 and March 2021. The patients were scanned retrospectively with the Nucleus outpatient clinic system. The data were analyzed with SSPS 21.0. Age, gender and psychiatric diagnosis of patients Results: were examined. This study enrolled 1157 patients with 10.8 mean age and 61.5% male participants. 53% (n = 622) of patients was diagnosed before pandemia and 46.2% (n = 535) of patients was diagnosed during pandemia. Before pandemia: patients were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 40%, Anxiety Disorder (AD) 16.1%, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 5.1%. During pandemia: patients were diagnosed with ADHD 27.3%, AD 19.3%, ASD 5.6%. During the pandemia the number of female patients increased (p = 0.017), mean age of patients decreased (p = 0.035), the diagnosed ADHD rates decreased (p < 0.001) and the diagnosed AD (p = 0.024), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (p=0.001) rates increased. Conclusion: In our study the diagnosis of AD and MDD during pandemia increased and the diagnosis of ADHD decreased. Because of the online education during pandemia, number of ADHD patients decreased and increasing in diagnosis of AD and MDD might caused by phsycial and social limitations. In this period it is important to follow and treat the patients that already have psychiatric disorder like ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Turkish) Amac: Cin'de baslayan ve tum dunyayi etkileyen COVID-19 salgini global bir saglik krizine donusmustur. Bu calismanin amaci, COVID-19 pandemisi sirasinda psikiyatri poliklinigine basvuran cocuk ve ergenlerin sosyodemografik ozelliklerini ve psikiyatrik tanilarini belirlemektir. Yontem: AFSU cocuk psikiyatri poliklinigine Eylul 2019-Mart 2020 ve Eylul 2020-Mart 2021 tarihleri arasinda basvuran hastalar calismaya dahil edilmistir. Hastalar retrospektif olarak Nucleus poliklinik sistemi ile taranmistir. Veriler SSPS 21.0 ile analiz edilmistir. Vakalarin yas, cinsiyet ve psikiyatrik tanilari incelenmistir. Bulgular: Calismaya 1157 hasta dahil edilmistir. Hastalarin yas ortalamasi 10,8 yil ve %61,5'i erkek cinsiyetteydi. Hastalarin %53,8'i (n = 622) pandemi oncesinde, %46,2'si (n = 535) pandemi sonrasinda basvuru yapmistir. Pandemi sonrasi donemde, pandemi oncesi doneme gore basvurular kiz cinsiyet yonunde artmistir (p = 0,017) ve basvuranlarin yas ortalamasi azalmistir (p = 0,035). Pandemi oncesinde basvuranlarin %40,0'i Dikkat Eksikligi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklugu (DEHB), %16,1'i Anksiyete Bozuklugu (AB), %5,1'i Otizm Spektrum Bozuklugu (OSB) ana tanisi alirken, pandemi sonrasi basvuranlarin %27,3'u DEHB, %19,3'u AB, %5,6'si OSB ana tanisi almistir. Pandemi sonrasinda pandemi oncesine gore DEHB tanisi alma sikligi azalmistir (p < 0,001), AB (p = 0,024) ve Major Depresif Bozukluk (MDB) (p = 0,001) tanilarinda artis gorulmustur. Sonuc: Calismamizda pandemi sonrasi AB ve MDB tanilarinin artis gosterdigi, DEHB tanisinin ise azaldigi gorulmustur. Pandemi sirasinda uzaktan egitim surecine gecilmesi, DEHB belirtileri nedeniyle yapilan basvurulari azaltirken ortaya cikan fiziksel ve sosyal kisitliliklar AB ve MDB tanilarini arttirmis olabilir. Bu donemde DEHB gibi mevcut psikiyatrik bozuklugu olan hastalarin takiplerinin ve tedavilerinin aksatilmamasi uzun donemde gidisat icin onem arz etmektedir. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Psychological effects and associated factors among vaccinated and unvaccinated general population against COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh.

Background: The global effort to develop herd immunity in the general public against the COVID-19 pandemic is currently ongoing. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on how the COVID-19 vaccine affects mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The present study investigated the psychological effects and associated factors among vaccinated and unvaccinated general populations against COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh. Methods: A nationwide online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Bangladesh from June 23 to December 25, 2021. The frequency of symptoms of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), insomnia, and fear was assessed using the Bangla versions of the GHQ-12, PHQ-2, GAD-2, PSS-4, PC-PTSD-5, ISI, and FCV-19S scales, respectively. Results: The study included 3,013 persons from all eight divisions of Bangladesh, with 1,272 (42.2%) being vaccinated and 1,741 (57.8%) being unvaccinated. Compared with unvaccinated populations, vaccinated populations had significantly lower prevalence rates of psychological distress (36.4 vs. 51.5%), depression (21.1 vs. 37.9%), anxiety (25.1 vs. 44.9%), stress (19.4 vs. 30.4%), PTSD (29.4 vs. 38.3%), insomnia (18.7 vs. 39.4%), and fear symptoms (16.1 vs. 27.5%). Among vaccinated populations, respondents who lived in nuclear families were significantly associated with higher risk of psychological distress (AOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09-1.78), depression (AOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-1.98), anxiety (AOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.21-1.98), and fear (AOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.11-1.83) symptoms. Participants who lost family members, friends, or colleagues due to the COVID-19 pandemic had significantly higher risk of symptoms of psychological distress (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02-1.79), anxiety (AOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.87), and PTSD (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.24-2.19). On the other hand, unvaccinated populations who lived in the Dhaka division were significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (AOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.40-2.52), anxiety (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.15-2.47), stress (AOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.12-2.88), and insomnia (AOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.20-2.94) symptoms. Except for PTSD and fear symptoms, unemployed participants had considerably higher rates of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms (e.g., psychological distress: AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.10-2.62; depression: AOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.37-2.19). Conclusions: This study recommends immunizing unvaccinated populations as soon as possible to prevent infection and boost mental health. Vulnerable people needed special care, health-related education, and psychological assistance.